Economy
Main articles:
Economy of Iran and
Iranian Economic Reform Plan
See also:
Central Bank of Iran,
Tehran Stock Exchange,
Industry of Iran,
Transport in Iran,
Communications in Iran,
Construction in Iran,
Privatization in Iran,
Foreign Direct Investment in Iran,
Tourism in Iran,
Economic Cooperation Organization, and
Next Eleven
There is an estimated population of 1.2 million weavers in Iran producing
carpets for domestic markets and international export.
[160]
The
economy of Iran is the
eighteenth largest economy in the world by
purchasing power parity (PPP). Iran's economy is a
mixture of
central planning,
state ownership of oil and other large
enterprises, village
agriculture, and small-scale private trading and service ventures.
[161] Its economic
infrastructure has been improving steadily over the past two decades but continues to be affected by
inflation and
unemployment.
[162] In the early 21st century the service sector contributed the largest percentage of the GDP, followed by industry (
mining and manufacturing) and
agriculture. In 2006, about 45% of the government's budget came from oil and natural gas revenues, and 31% came from taxes and fees.
[163]
Government spending contributed to an average annual inflation rate of 14% in the period 2000–2004. As at 2007, Iran had earned $70 billion in
foreign exchange reserves mostly (80%) from crude oil exports.
[164] In 2009 GDP was $336 billion ($876 billion at PPP), or $12,900 at
PPP per capita.
[37] In 2008, Iran's official annual growth rate was 6%.
[165] Because of these figures and the country’s diversified but small industrial base, the
United Nations classifies Iran's economy as semi-developed (1998).
[166]
Iran's automobile production crossed the 1 million mark in 2005.
Iran Khodro is the largest car manufacturer in the Middle-East. It has established joint-ventures with foreign partners on 4 continents.
Close to 1.8% of national employment is generated in the tourism sector which is slated to increase to 10% in the next five years.
[167] About 1,659,000 foreign
tourists visited Iran in 2004; most came from
Asian countries, including the republics of
Central Asia, while a small share came from the countries of the
European Union and
North America. Iran currently ranks 89th in
tourist income, but is rated among the "10 most touristic countries" in the world in terms of
its history.
[168][169] Weak advertising, unstable regional conditions, a poor public image in some parts of the world, and absence of efficient planning schemes in the tourism sector have all hindered the growth of tourism.
The administration continues to follow the
market reform plans of the previous one and indicated that it will diversify Iran's oil-reliant economy. Iran has also developed a
biotechnology,
nanotechnology, and
pharmaceuticals industry.
[170] The strong oil market since 1996 helped ease financial pressures on Iran and allowed for Tehran's timely debt service payments.
Iranian
budget deficits have been a chronic problem, mostly due to
large-scale state subsidies, that include foodstuffs and especially gasoline, totaling more than $84 billion in 2008 for the energy sector alone.
[171][172] In 2010, the
economic reform plan was approved by parliament to cut subsidies gradually and replace them with targeted social assistance. The objective is to move towards
free market prices in a 5-year period and increase productivity and
social justice.
[173]
Over the past 15 years, the authorities have placed an emphasis on the local production of domestic-consumption oriented goods such as home appliances, cars, agricultural products, pharmaceutical, etc. Today, Iran possesses a good
manufacturing industry, despite
restrictions imposed by foreign countries. However, nationalized industries such as the
bonyads have often been managed badly, making them ineffective and uncompetitive with years. Currently, the government is trying to
privatize these industries, and, despite successes, there are still several problems to be overcome, such as the
lagging corruption in the public sector and lack of competitiveness. Iran ranks 69th out of 139 in
Global Competitiveness Report.
[174]
Iran has leading
manufacture industry in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the
Middle East.
[175]
TSE has been one of the world's best performing stock exchanges in recent years.
[176][177]
Iran's
trade balance (2000-2007).
Iran's projected oil and gas revenues (2006-2015).
Iranian provinces' contribution to GDP.
Tehran host 45% of
Iran's industries.
[178]
Energy
Iran holds 10% of the world's proven
oil reserves and 15% of its
gas. It is
OPEC's second largest exporter and the world's fourth oil producer.
Main articles:
Energy in Iran,
Petroleum industry in Iran, and
Nuclear program of Iran
Iran ranks second in the world in
natural gas reserves and third in
oil reserves.
[179][180] It is
OPEC's 2nd largest oil exporter and it has the potential to become an
energy superpower.
[181] In 2005, Iran spent
$4 billion on fuel imports, because of
contraband and inefficient domestic use.
[182] Oil industry output averaged 4 million barrels per day (640,000 m3/d) in 2005, compared with the peak of six million barrels per day reached in 1974. In the early 2000s, industry
infrastructure was increasingly inefficient because of technological lags. Few exploratory
wells were drilled in 2005.
In 2004, a large share of
Iran's natural gas reserves were untapped. The addition of new
hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional
coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first
wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first
solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009.
Demographic trends and intensified industrialization have caused
electric power demand to grow by 8% per year. The government’s goal of 53,000 megawatts of installed capacity by 2010 is to be reached by bringing on line new gas-fired plants and by adding hydroelectric, and
nuclear power generating capacity.
Iran’s first nuclear power plant at
Bushehr is set to go online by 2010.
[183][184
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االمراجع :
- ^ Expedited Visas, Visa Applications, Rush Passport, Passports, Travel. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ "World Bank: Iran’s Economic Indices Improving". Iran Daily. 2007-07-08. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927231116/http://iran-daily.com/1386/2887/html. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
- ^ IRNA: Crude price pegged at dlrs 39.6 a barrel under next year's budget. Retrieved 5 December 2008.
- ^ Iran Daily Forex Reserves Put at $70b Retrieved on 24 February 2008
- ^ Surrounded:seeing the world from Iran's point of view Military review July–August 2007 Houman A. Sadri p.21
- ^ "New World Encyclopedia". Retrieved 28 January 2008.
- ^ Farsinet.com. Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ "Iran-daily.com". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080513074502/http://www.iran-daily.com/1384/2241/html/focus.htm. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ^ PressTV: Iranian Hospitality Industry. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
- ^ List of Iranian Nanotechnology companies. Retrieved 23 January 2008. Archived October 13, 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ Payvand.com, "Ahmadinejad's Achilles Heel: The Iranian Economy". Retrieved 23 January 2008.
- ^ "Energy subsidies reach $84b". Iran-Daily. 2007-01-08. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080506122659/http://www.iran-daily.com/1387/3111/html/economy.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-27.
- ^ "Iran - Country Brief". Go.worldbank.org. http://go.worldbank.org/KQD2RP3RX0. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
- ^ World Economic Forum: Iran ranks 69th out of 139 in global competitiveness. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
- ^ UK Trade & Investment. Retrieved 26 February 2008
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باحتصار "
ايران ترتيبها الاقتصاى فى العالم 18... ( مصر ترتيبها 136 )!!
فى القدرة الشرائية للمواطن فى العالم -
ايران لديها موارد نفطية و غاز و صناعة و زراعة و بنية اساسية و استثمارات و احتياطى عملات 70 مليار دولار
العائدات نحو 336 مليار لناتج الدخل القومى سنة 2009 - وعندى احصائية حديثة 2010 تظهرا قفزا من الايكونومست و876 مليار بالنسبة للقدرة الشرائية للمواطن او 12,900 دولار
نسبة النمو 6 بالمئة سنة 2009
The world in figures: Countries Nov 22nd 2010 | from The World In 2011 PRINT EDITION
GDP growth: 3.4%
GDP: $488bn (PPP: $931bn)
الايكونومست )
سنة 2010 ارتفع الناتج القومى الايرانى الى 488 مليار دولار !
45 بالمئة من العائدات هى من النفط و الغاز و الباقى غير نفطية
وامور اخرى عن اقتصاد ايران بامكانكم قراءتها بالانجليزية
؟؟ يعني هل ترى وجود فقر في إيران مبرر لأن يكون الفقر و الجوع في مصر عادي ؟؟
